I know how it is. You’re writing your first novel or starting off with some short stories to submit to anthologies. You don’t have the money to pay for an editor or proofreader. So at the same time as doing a very 'soft' launch of my editing/proofreading business over at www.tillyhunter.co.uk, I bring you some tips for doing it yourself.
1. Three-stage editing
Once you've wrestled your first draft into shape, I see the editing process as having three stages. First up comes editing for what you've said, the content and plot, making sure there are no holes in the storyline, getting all the detail you want in your setting and characters’ backgrounds, making sure you've followed the theme strongly enough if you’re writing for a particular submissions call. Secondly, you've got the editing for how you've said it - language and readability. This means cutting superfluous words, rewriting where you have repetition, questioning your metaphors, checking whether adverbs and adjectives could be cut if you used stronger verbs and nouns instead, possibly reading out loud to see how it all flows. In both of these stages, you will have corrected any typos you spot. But the third stage is the actual proofread, where you take a step back from the meaning of the words and check for misspellings, poor grammar, abused commas and mysterious changes of characters’ names.
2. Taking your time
At some point in that three-stage process, you want to put your story aside for a while so you can view it afresh. And yes, this means finishing your first draft more than five minutes before midnight on deadline day. When you’re in the middle of the writing process, you often see what you intended to write rather than what you actually wrote. I always try to leave at least a few days before doing a final proofread of a short story, and I’d make it more for longer works.
3. Changing format
These days, most people are used to doing all their work on screen. But if that’s what you’ve done so far, the final proofread would be the time when you might want to do a printout and read it on paper. If you prefer to save trees, you can use tricks such as changing the font and line spacing at this stage to fool your brain into thinking this is a new and different story and requires all your undivided attention. I tend to write in the default setting my Microsoft Word version sets you up with – Calibri 9.5 point, single line spacing, gaps between paragraphs – then switch to standard manuscript formatting for proofreading.
4. Standard formatting
Speaking of which, standard formatting tends to mean Times New Roman 12 point, double spaced, no extra space between paragraphs, the first line of each paragraph indented half an inch. But you should always double check a publisher or anthology editor’s specific instructions before submitting and do exactly what they say.
5. Know your weaknesses
I have a blind spot when the words ‘know’ and ‘now’ occur together. As in ‘I now know better’. I always have to read them twice to make sure I put them the right way round. And I can never spell ‘rhythm’. Except there, where I did because it autocorrected. Anyway, the point is to be aware of the things you tend to get wrong and double check them. For you it might be ‘there, their, they’re’ or mixing up your Arctic with your artics.